Cactus Plant
One of the most adaptable and hardiest of plants is the succulent cactus. Most plants grow on the ground but some species grow as shrubs or trees. Native to the Americas, there are many different species of varying size. The tallest documented plant was measured at 19.2 meters. Their ability to conserve water means that they survive very well in hot, dry conditions. Desert is not the only environment, where they are found however. Other terrain includes mountain areas, sub tropics and coastal plains. They are seen as far south as Patagonia and as far north as the Canadian and American border, most commonly in Argentina, Bolivia and northern Mexico.
Some species have a lifetime of up to 300 years and various animals spread cactus seed, including ants, mice, bats, birds and goats. Cactus flowers are often pretty and colorful, such as the flower of the Prickly Pear and the Echevaria. A lot of species have night blooming flowers because nocturnal insects pollinate them. Animals can pollinate too, such as bats, moths and sheep.
Explorer Christopher Columbus brought this plant from the New World to Europe. There has always been a fascination with the species and many people specialize in their cultivation. They are popular houseplants and gardeners also grow them outside in places with warm, mild climates. Some species have been lost, due to destruction of habitat, but new ones are found on a regular basis.
People have found practical uses for the cactus as well as using them for ornament. Some species have edible fruit and farmers and ranchers make use of cactus fences. The harvesting of the cochineal insect is a significant commercial enterprise. Certain cactus species are grown, which act as host for the insect. The insect produces a crimson dye that is used in food coloring and cosmetics.
A more controversial use for the plant dates back hundreds of years. The Peyote is a spineless species found in southern states in the US and in Mexico. It contains mescaline, which causes hallucinogenic effects and Native Americans and their shamans traditionally use it as part of spiritual ceremonies. This practice spread to include its recreational use amongst young people, which is illegal. Peyote is now in danger of extinction in the wild.
There are many organizations for people who grow cacti. Members can share knowledge and their passion for their hobby. Shows and exhibitions give people the opportunity to enter their plants into competition. It is an absorbing specialty where there is always something new to learn.
